The U. S. Department of Energy retained Engineering-Science to provide services which include the estimation of the costs associated with implementation of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act regulations for non-hazardous and hazardous material disposal in the utility industry. These costs are based on engineering studies at a number of coal-fired power plants in which the costs for hazardous and non-hazardous disposal are compared to the costs developed for the current practice design for each utility. The relationship of the three costs is displayed in Figure 1.1. The emphasis of the study is on the determination of incremental costs rather than the absolute costs for each case. For the purpose of this project, the hazardous design cost was determined for two situations: