{"id":242,"date":"2022-04-01T19:50:53","date_gmt":"2022-04-01T19:50:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edx.netl.doe.gov\/geomicrobiology\/?page_id=242"},"modified":"2024-03-12T13:50:45","modified_gmt":"2024-03-12T13:50:45","slug":"subsurface-hydrogen-storage","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/edx.netl.doe.gov\/sites\/geomicrobiology\/subsurface-hydrogen-storage\/","title":{"rendered":"Subsurface Hydrogen Storage"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling fusion-equal-height-columns fusion-animated\" style=\"--awb-border-sizes-top:0px;--awb-border-sizes-bottom:0px;--awb-border-sizes-left:0px;--awb-border-sizes-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-padding-top:20px;--awb-padding-right:20px;--awb-padding-bottom:20px;--awb-padding-left:20px;--awb-margin-top:0%;--awb-margin-bottom:20px;--awb-background-color:#eaeaea;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;--awb-box-shadow: 5px 5px 5px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);\" data-animationType=\"fadeIn\" data-animationDuration=\"0.5\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_3 1_3 fusion-one-third fusion-column-first\" style=\"--awb-padding-top:0%;--awb-padding-right:0%;--awb-padding-bottom:0%;--awb-padding-left:0%;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;width:33.333333333333%;width:calc(33.333333333333% - ( ( 4% + 4% ) * 0.33333333333333 ) );margin-right: 4%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element fusion-image-align-center in-legacy-container\" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-margin-top:0%;--awb-margin-right:0%;--awb-margin-bottom:0%;--awb-margin-left:0%;--awb-max-width:200PX;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><div class=\"imageframe-align-center\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-1 hover-type-none\" style=\"border-radius:5px;\"><a class=\"fusion-no-lightbox\" href=\"https:\/\/www.energy.gov\/\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"DOE Logos_rgb_horz-stacked_color\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"86\" src=\"https:\/\/edx.netl.doe.gov\/sites\/geomicrobiology\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/DOE-Logos_rgb_horz-stacked_color-300x86.png\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-573\" srcset=\"https:\/\/edx.netl.doe.gov\/sites\/geomicrobiology\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/DOE-Logos_rgb_horz-stacked_color-200x57.png 200w, https:\/\/edx.netl.doe.gov\/sites\/geomicrobiology\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/DOE-Logos_rgb_horz-stacked_color-400x114.png 400w, https:\/\/edx.netl.doe.gov\/sites\/geomicrobiology\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/DOE-Logos_rgb_horz-stacked_color-600x171.png 600w, https:\/\/edx.netl.doe.gov\/sites\/geomicrobiology\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/DOE-Logos_rgb_horz-stacked_color-800x229.png 800w, https:\/\/edx.netl.doe.gov\/sites\/geomicrobiology\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/DOE-Logos_rgb_horz-stacked_color-1200x343.png 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion_builder_column_1_3 1_3 fusion-one-third\" style=\"--awb-padding-top:0%;--awb-padding-right:0%;--awb-padding-bottom:0%;--awb-padding-left:0%;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;width:33.333333333333%;width:calc(33.333333333333% - ( ( 4% + 4% ) * 0.33333333333333 ) );margin-right: 4%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element fusion-image-align-center in-legacy-container\" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-margin-top:0%;--awb-margin-right:0%;--awb-margin-bottom:0%;--awb-margin-left:0%;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><div class=\"imageframe-align-center\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-2 hover-type-none\" style=\"border-radius:5px;\"><a class=\"fusion-no-lightbox\" href=\"https:\/\/netl.doe.gov\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"NETL-53h\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"138\" height=\"53\" src=\"https:\/\/edx.netl.doe.gov\/sites\/geomicrobiology\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/NETL-53h.png\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-336\"\/><\/a><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-2 fusion_builder_column_1_3 1_3 fusion-one-third fusion-column-last\" style=\"--awb-padding-top:0%;--awb-padding-right:0%;--awb-padding-bottom:0%;--awb-padding-left:0%;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;width:33.333333333333%;width:calc(33.333333333333% - ( ( 4% + 4% ) * 0.33333333333333 ) );\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element fusion-image-align-center in-legacy-container\" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-margin-top:0%;--awb-margin-right:0%;--awb-margin-bottom:0%;--awb-margin-left:0%;--awb-max-width:130px;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><div class=\"imageframe-align-center\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-3 hover-type-none\" style=\"border-radius:5px;\"><a class=\"fusion-no-lightbox\" href=\"https:\/\/edx.netl.doe.gov\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"EDX-53h\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"130\" height=\"53\" src=\"https:\/\/edx.netl.doe.gov\/sites\/geomicrobiology\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/EDX-53h.png\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-337\"\/><\/a><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-2 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1144px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-3 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1 fusion-text-no-margin\" style=\"--awb-text-transform:none;--awb-margin-bottom:10px;\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/edx.netl.doe.gov\/sites\/geomicrobiology\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/6_29_21_Storage-Graphic-01.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-243\" src=\"https:\/\/edx.netl.doe.gov\/sites\/geomicrobiology\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/6_29_21_Storage-Graphic-01.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"464\" \/><\/a>Hydrogen is emerging as a low-carbon fuel option for transportation, electricity generation, manufacturing applications, and clean energy technologies that will accelerate the United States\u2019 transition to a low-carbon economy. However, a key challenge is to ensure the safe and effective storage of hydrogen. One of the primary unknowns in H<sub>2<\/sub> storage is the impact caused by microbial communities that are naturally present in underground reservoirs at a broad range of conditions. H<sub>2<\/sub> is known to be an energetic electron donor, supplying energy for a wide variety of subsurface microorganisms, many of which have been documented to exist naturally in the geologic units that are targets for H<sub>2<\/sub> gas storage.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2\"><p>Major expected microbial driven reactions are:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><u>Methanogenesis: <\/u>In this reaction, microorganisms called methanogens oxidize hydrogen and reduce carbon dioxide to produce methane. Gaz de France previously found the microbially induced methanogenesis reaction to rapidly transform 50% of stored hydrogen gas into methane.<sup>4<\/sup><\/li>\n<li><u>Hydrogen Sulfide Production: <\/u>A hazardous mechanism of H<sub>2<\/sub> consumption might occur through sulfate and sulfur reducers (SRBs). Gaz de France, documented technical challenges associated with SRBs producing hydrogen sulfide gas (H<sub>2<\/sub>S).\u00a0Town gas storage fields (~ 45-60% H<sub>2<\/sub>) in the Czech Republic have reported significant consumption of stored H<sub>2<\/sub> coupled to H<sub>2<\/sub>S production.\u00a0Lastly, several models demonstrate reservoirs that are current targets of hydrogen storage have a high risk of H<sub>2<\/sub>S production from SRBs.<\/li>\n<li><u>Microbiological Corrosion:<\/u> Microbially induced corrosion of steel has previously been found extreme in the anoxic environment created by the introduction of H<sub>2<\/sub> to the subsurface. Hydrogen-consuming microorganisms have been implicated in causing corrosion at temperatures up to 90 \u00b0C and high salinities. The natural gas leak of 2015 at the Aliso Canyon facility was ultimately attributed to microbially induced corrosion of a well casing.<\/li>\n<li><u>Secondary Effects:<\/u> The shifting microbial community may lead to other unexpected byproducts, such as organic acids or even calcium carbonate scaling. The presence of microbial communities adapted to reducing, H<sub>2<\/sub>-rich environments may contribute to corrosive mineral reactions through local pH changes and co-production of various acids.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Large-scale hydrogen storage will not be possible without the delineation of expected microbial activity in these systems. Before hydrogen can be safely and securely stored in underground reservoirs, the effect of gas injection on the naturally occurring microbial community and the associated change in chemistry needs to be assessed. NETL is currently researching several targeted hydrogen storage formations for the risk of microbial consumption of H<sub>2<\/sub>; work is ongoing using the subsurface microbial communities and high-pressure-high-temperature simulation experiments to demonstrate biogeochemical changes that can be expected during subsurface hydrogen storage.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"100-width.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-242","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edx.netl.doe.gov\/sites\/geomicrobiology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/242","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edx.netl.doe.gov\/sites\/geomicrobiology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edx.netl.doe.gov\/sites\/geomicrobiology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edx.netl.doe.gov\/sites\/geomicrobiology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edx.netl.doe.gov\/sites\/geomicrobiology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=242"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/edx.netl.doe.gov\/sites\/geomicrobiology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/242\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":560,"href":"https:\/\/edx.netl.doe.gov\/sites\/geomicrobiology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/242\/revisions\/560"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edx.netl.doe.gov\/sites\/geomicrobiology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=242"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}