This report provides a qualitative summary of a large number of existing and emerging processes that could be used to separate CO2 from combustion gases for the purpose of controlling carbon emissions. The largest sources of concern are fossil-fuel-fired electric generating plants. Cited studies comparing the application of commercial gas separation processes to these plants indicate very high cost and performance penalties for existing pulverized-coal (pc)-fired plants. Natural gas-fired combined-cycle plants are also severely impacted because of the sensitivity to reduced efficiency associated with high fuel cost. Much lower cost and performance penalties are indicated for coal-fired integrated gasification combined-cycle (IGCC) plants, where CO2 capture can be integrated into the design. The time line for adoption of CO2 capture depends critically on policy incentives to address the economic and technical risks. Coal-fired IGCC plants with provision for sequestration-ready CO2 separation are on the near horizon to supply the growing CO2 demand for enhanced oil recovery (EOR). Applications for new or existing pc-fired plants will require substantial improvements in technologies under development or very large policy incentives. The assessment presented in this report provides a snapshot of the rapidly changing developments that are in progress.