Mineral resources are the essential raw materials of modern society, powering the production of advanced technologies including the expansion of renewable energy infrastructure. The United States is heavily dependent on mineral imports. Many of these sources are unstable, and their interruption can disrupt important industrial and high technology supply chains. Therefore, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) recently designated 50 elements and compounds as “critical minerals” and launched the Earth Mapping Resource Initiative (EMRI) to systematically increase knowledge of the distribution and concentration of these essential resources. The Department of Energy (DOE) began a complimentary effort with the Carbon Ore, Rare Earth and Critical Minerals Initiative (CORE-CM) particularly focused on recovery of critical minerals from byproducts of the extraction and industrial use of coal. This workshop will explore recent efforts from both the CORE-CM and EarthMRI programs to evaluate critical mineral resources in and around the Illinois Basin, demonstrate separation technologies of these resources, and employ associated resources such as carbon to manufacture high-value products.