Many electrostatic precipitators (ESPS) do not achieve acceptable particulate removal efficiencies because of high-resistivity ash. One method to improve ESP performance is to employ chemical conditioning agents to reduce fly ash resistivity. Widely used agents include sulfur trioxide (SO[sub 3]) and ammonia, which are sometimes used simultaneously. For some fly ashes, that have a low affinity for SO[sub 3], conditioning with SO[sub 3] alone is not adequate to reduce resistivity without excessive amounts of SO[sub 3] exiting the stack. In such cases, the use of ammonia in addition to SO[sub 3] may reduce the amount of required SO[sub 3] and prevent the emission of excess SO[sub 3] out of the stack. The general objective of the work was to test enhanced flue gas conditioning methods to improve the performance of ESPS. Specific objectives were to (1) verify the relationship between the required SO[sub 3] injection rates to maintain the desired fly ash resistivity and temperature for four coals, (2) verify that dual conditioning with both ammonia and SO[sub 3] promotes SO[sub 3] utilization and allows for resistivity modification with moderate SO[sub 3] injection rates, and (3) verify the effectiveness and practicality of an enhanced flue gas conditioning (EFGC) method. The EFGC method is a proprietary development of Wahlco, Inc.