This environmental assessment report conveys the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) understanding of and perspective on oil shale development. For government agencies, private developers, and others involved in the oil shale industry, the report provides a source of basic information as well as a means of identifying EPA's concerns and interests relative to oil shale development. The report: Summarizes available information on oil shale resources; Summarizes major air, water, solid waste, health, and other environmental impacts; Analyzes applicable pollution control technology; and Provides guidance for sampling, analyzing, and monitoring emissions, effluents, and solid wastes from oil shale processes. The report emphasizes those environmental impacts and control technologies that EPA believes will be of major importance.