This report is one of a series of publications resulting from a study of the feasibility of
increasing domestic heavy oil production being conducted for the U.S. Department of Energy.
This report summarizes available public information on the potential of heavy oil production in
Alaska. Heavy oil (10' to 20' API gravity) exists and is produced on the North Slope of Alaska;
but the technical, environmental constraints and high cost of transportation to refineries on the
U.S. West Coast make the economics for producing significant volumes of heavy oil unfavorable.
Volumes of proprietary data and feasibility studies exist within major companies, but only limited
data is available in the public domain. Alaskan North Slope crude oil is marketed under the
legislative constraints of having to be sold in the U.S., thus, it has to compete in the world market
with a delivery constraint. California is the recipient and refines most of Alaska's current 1.7
million barrels per day oil production. Transportation, refining, and competition in the market limit
development of Alaska's heavy oil resources. A number of enhanced oil recovery technologies for
production of Alaska's heavy oil have been reported in the literature including gas, CO2, in situ
combustion, and steam. Thermal production of heavy oil has been attempted but requires close
spacing. Several light oil reservoirs, with reserves of >50 million barrels each, have been
discovered and deemed non-commercial. Constraints on producing heavy oil in Alaska indicate
that without significant economic incentives, very little of the heavy oil in Alaska will be produced
and even then the cost may be prohibitively expensive leaving most of Alaska's heavy oil
unproduced.