Investigations have shown interesting relationships between primary-tar and light-oil yields and chemical analyses of coals. These studies have been based largely upon results published by the Bureau of Mines in connection with its survey of the gas-, coke-, and byproduct- making properties of American coals. This paper gives the results of a similar correlation in which the range in the rank and in type has been extended to include nearly all classes of coal, the object being to determine relationships that are significant in predicting tar and light-oil yields from chemical analyses of coals. The yields of primary tar and light oil are important in two fields of coal utilization, namely, combustion and carbonization. It is generally recognized that the principal cause of smoke produced upon burning coal is incomplete combustion of tar and light-oil vapor released during burning. The greater the tar and light-oil yields of a coal, the greater is its potential smoke-producing property. During the present war, development of new sources of fuel oil has been emphasized, especially where the supply of petroleum products is limited. One possible source of a substitute fuel is the tar and light-oil that can be obtained by low-temperature carbonization of coal. In both England and Germany, large quantities of low-temperature tar and oil are being processed as a source of liquid fuels. It is obvious that primary-tar and light-oil yields are of paramount importance in the selection of coals for such use.