An X-radiograph is a photographic image of the preferential transmission (or absorption) of X-radiation by a solid object. The technique can supply an enormous amount of information with a minimal investment of time and money. However, obtaining high-quality, high-resolution radiographs requires a basic understanding of the process of radiography, and an optimization of a series of experimental parameters. This paper discusses the basic technique, discusses the experimental parameters and their relative effects, demonstrates the capabilities of X-radiography as an analytical technique, and includes an appendix of radiographs of Devonian shale material.